Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation business concentrating on Internet services and artificial intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (through Baidu Search), and offers a wide range of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).

Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth locations. The company is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in expert system, Baidu is one of the couple of tech business worldwide to provide a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software application, chips, cloud infrastructure, foundation designs, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is included in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually progressively focused on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing much better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that used hyperlinks to determine the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a website based upon how lots of other sites had actually connected to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted advertisers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu each time a consumer clicked on an ad, preceding Google’s approach to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and image search engine, embracing an unique identification technology efficient in recognizing and organizing the short articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese market sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which permits the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu is able to supply its own reports, besides revealing certain results as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s first regular service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would team up with Sina to offer mobile search outcomes. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar employees manage their company relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu selected Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company launched a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving vehicle platform, in a quote to assist drive the advancement of autonomous automobiles consisting of automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu plans to release this job in July 2017, before gradually introducing completely autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as lots of as 100 self-governing driving tasks over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car industry suppliers, on automated driving and connected automobiles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s main advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a brand-new portable translator that can listen and speak in numerous different languages. Smaller than a common mobile phone, the 140-gram translation gadget can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under development. Baidu will likewise be placing expert system (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the exact same period, it has also led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu announced that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, staff members, partners, designers, and media to discuss the company’s mission and method, innovation breakthroughs, new product advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU business” part of its abroad organization, which developed a series of utility apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This business now runs independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong given that JD.com’s noting the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar concept stated to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It also includes the most recent second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to provide predictive suggestions to proactively serve the requirements of guests.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical automobile business initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first concept ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production automobile. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric vehicle platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed six million rides using driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless lorries in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that internet browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a site purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the appropriate website unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This website has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on introduced legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical support personnel changed the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed person, despite stopping working security confirmation procedures. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual was able to utilize the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, permitting them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com released an apology. [62]

Baidu workers jailed

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three employees of Baidu were arrested on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The kickbacks were presumably paid for deleting posts from the online forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its objective to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, but it has been reported that the app shop deals with personal privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a definitive merger contract to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually implies “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed hundreds of times in the crowd, all of a sudden turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main marketing item is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that enables marketers to have their advertisements displayed in Baidu search engine result pages and on other websites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are also based upon payments by marketers. This has triggered criticism and hesitation amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues regarding reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as lots of as the first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid marketers. [71]

Baidu sells its marketing items through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a signed up organization address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] competes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its take advantage of Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of earnings in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.

It is also obvious that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social network market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is going over the possibility of working with Facebook, which would cause a Chinese version of the international social media network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would take on Baidu with competitors from the 3 popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with cause rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have used anticompetitive tactics in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise understood as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually started to invest in deep knowing research study and is incorporating new deep learning innovation into some of its apps and products, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live used for a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” technology. This technology immediately scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and acknowledges and strains material that might violate copyright law. This permits Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they gained licenses from China to provide the very first driverless taxis. The company aim to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 autonomous automobiles set to begin offering rides to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of blocked sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu has the right to obstruct works from its question results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a claim that looked for to punish the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu started collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security along with 372 Internet police departments to discover details associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with alerts resolving misinformation.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, big data and synthetic intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet business, to “conduct unique supervision” on news and details associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page apparently added to the death of a student who tried a speculative cancer treatment he found online. The 21-year-old university student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the hospital had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The incident set off huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a team of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad earnings, much of which comes from for-profit health centers that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities throughout the country established by medical business owners associated with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce numerous restrictions on Baidu, including including disclaimers to promotional material and establishing channels for problems about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mainly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu offered the hemophilia online community, one of the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of illness will totally stop business cooperation and will just be open to reliable public well-being organizations. In reaction to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that private health centers have actually entered a period of industry improvement and updating, and are neither depending on posting bar ads nor relying on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s choice will not have an unfavorable impact on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary company, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running income enhancing background programs on user gadgets since at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of six known applications developed by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking on internet advertisements – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits produced by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among several Chinese sites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for nationwide security factors. [119]

2024 head of interactions controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered major reactions across the Chinese social media for endorsing poisonous workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day business journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited even more conversations amongst Chinese netizens concerning Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu openly said sorry after the event and has actually allegedly lost her task. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by popularity.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smartphones”.